SPCA Fundraising event Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

SPCA Fundraising occasion - Coursework Example The exercises related with the SPCA’s three divisions require noteworthy financing so as to guarantee all arrangement activities are satisfied in a domain where the increasing expenses of provisions, work and general tasks keep on rising. Right now, the SPCA is seeing exhausting of accessible assets and decreased gifts from the network due to a great extent to spending cuts inside neighborhood and national governments and resident lack of concern toward giving basic money related gifts to the association. Simultaneously, rivalry from heritage good cause associations and rising non-benefits are adding to absence of accessible financing for the SPCA as these associations vie for altruistic gifts. On the off chance that the SPCA doesn't fundamentally improve its acquisition of basic incomes, it is anticipated that the association should scale down its work power, rebuild the association, and forsake numerous national projects intended to encourage against cold-bloodedness activit ies that administration the organization’s mission objective. The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals must store a wide range of exercises and projects to accomplish the organization’s mission effectively. This incorporates monetary help for the accompanying exercises and offices: Notwithstanding the above help divisions requiring money related financing, the SPCA keeps up an award program which gives to different non-benefit creature government assistance associations, salvage gatherings and creature covers. In 2013, the SPCA gave over $17 million in awards for associations that administration the SPCA strategic. In any case, with exhausting accessible assets and decreased gifts, it is anticipated that the SPCA will be constrained, by 2015, to end its award program which will fundamentally affect the capacity of different creature government assistance associations to give America’s creatures the consideration and help required. The national effect of the current financial circumstance inside the SPCA could

Shadow Kiss Chapter 5

Five MOST DISCIPLINARY ISSUES AT the Academy went to Headmistress Kirova. She managed Moroi and dhampirs the same and was known for her imaginative and oft-utilized collection of disciplines. She wasn't brutal, precisely, however she wasn't delicate, either. She essentially paid attention to understudy conduct and managed it as she saw fit. There were a few issues, be that as it may, that were past her locale. The school's watchmen considering together a disciplinary advisory group wasn't incredible, yet it was extremely, uncommon. You needed to plan something really genuine for irritate them to get that kind of reaction. Like, say, tenaciously jeopardizing a Moroi. Or on the other hand theoretically unshakably jeopardizing a Moroi. â€Å"For the last time,† I snarled, â€Å"I didn't do it on purpose.† I sat in one of the gatekeepers' gathering rooms, confronting my advisory group: Alberta, Emil, and one of the other uncommon female watchmen nearby, Celeste. They sat at a long table, looking forcing, while I sat in a solitary seat and felt entirely defenseless. A few different watchmen were sitting in and viewing, however fortunately, none of my colleagues were there to see this mortification. Dimitri was among the watchers. He was not on the panel, and I thought about whether they'd kept him off in view of his conceivably one-sided job as my coach. â€Å"Miss Hathaway,† said Alberta, completely in her severe commander mode, â€Å"you must know why we make some hard memories accepting that.† Celeste gestured. â€Å"Guardian Alto saw you. You wouldn't secure two Moroi †including the one whose assurance you were explicitly relegated to.† â€Å"I didn't refuse!† I shouted. â€Å"I†¦ fumbled.† â€Å"That wasn't a fumble,† said Stan from the watchers. He looked at Alberta for authorization to talk. â€Å"May I?† She gestured, and he turned around to me. â€Å"If you'd blocked or assaulted me and afterward failed, that would be a bobble. Be that as it may, you didn't square. You didn't assault. You didn't attempt. You just remained there like a sculpture and did nothing.† Naturally, I was shocked. The idea that I would intentionally leave Christian and Brandon to be â€Å"killed† by a Strigoi was silly. Be that as it may, what might I be able to do? I either admitted to botching significantly or to having seen an apparition. Neither one of the options was engaging, yet I needed to cut my misfortunes. One made me look inept. The other made me look crazy. I would not like to be related with both of those. I very much wanted my typical depiction of â€Å"reckless† and â€Å"disruptive.† â€Å"Why am I getting in a tough situation for messing up?† I asked firmly. â€Å"I mean, I saw Ryan mess up before. He didn't get in a difficult situation. Isn't that the purpose of this entire exercise? Practice? On the off chance that we were great, you'd as of now have released us upon the world!† â€Å"Weren't you listening?† said Stan. I swore I could see a vein pulsating in his brow. I think he was the just one there as disturbed as I might have been. In any event, he was the one and only one (beside me) demonstrating his feelings. The others wore poker faces, however at that point, none of them had seen what had occurred. On the off chance that I'd been in Stan's place, I may have thought the most noticeably terrible of me as well. â€Å"You didn't fail, in light of the fact that ‘messing up' suggests that you need to really do something.† â€Å"Okay, at that point. I froze.† I took a gander at him disobediently. â€Å"Does that consider failing? I split under the weight and blanked out. It turns out I wasn't readied. The second came, and I froze. It happens to learners all the time.† â€Å"To an amateur who has just murdered Strigoi?† asked Emil. He was from Romania, his emphasize somewhat thicker than Dimitri's Russian one. It wasn't close to as decent, however. â€Å"It appears unlikely.† I managed out glares to him and every other person in the room. â€Å"Oh, I see. After one episode, I'm currently expected to be a specialist Strigoi executioner? I can't freeze or be apprehensive or anything? Bodes well. Much obliged, folks. Reasonable. Genuine fair.† I drooped back in my seat, arms traversed my chest. There was no compelling reason to counterfeit obnoxious disobedience. I had a lot of it to hand out. Alberta murmured and inclined forward. â€Å"We're contending semantics. Details aren't the point here. What's significant is that toward the beginning of today, you made it clear you would not like to monitor Christian Ozera. Truth be told †¦ I think you even said you needed us to be certain we realized that you were doing it without wanting to and that we'd before long observe what a loathsome thought it was.† Ugh. I had said that. Truly, what had I been thinking? â€Å"And at that point, when your first test comes around, we discover you totally and completely unresponsive.† I almost flew out of my seat. â€Å"That's what this is about? You figure I didn't ensure him on account of a bizarre retribution thing?† Every one of them three gazed at me eagerly. â€Å"You aren't actually known for smoothly and nimbly tolerating things you don't like,† she answered wryly. This time, I stood up, pointing my finger at her critically. â€Å"Not valid. I have adhered to each standard Kirova set down for me since returning here. I've gone to each training and complied with each curfew.† Well, I'd fudged a portion of the curfews however not tenaciously. It had consistently been for everyone's benefit. â€Å"There's no explanation I'd do this as a retribution! What great would it do? Sta †Guardian Alto wasn't going to truly hurt Christian, so dislike I'd get the opportunity to see him punched or anything. The main thing I would achieve is getting hauled into the center of something like this and potentially confronting expulsion from the field experience.† â€Å"You are confronting expulsion from the field experience,† answered Celeste straight. â€Å"Oh.† I plunked down, unexpectedly not feeling as brave. Quiet hung in the space for a few minutes, and afterward I heard Dimitri's voice talk from behind me. â€Å"She has a point,† he said. My heart pounded noisily in my chest. Dimitri realized I wouldn't render retribution like that. He didn't think I was trivial. â€Å"If she were going to dissent or deliver retribution, she'd do it in an alternate way.† Well, not very frivolous, at any rate. Celeste glared. â€Å"Yes, however after the scene she made this morning†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Dimitri stepped forward and remained next to my seat. Having his strong nearness close by ameliorated me. I had a glimmer of d?â ¦j?â ¤ vu, back to when Lissa and I had come back to the Academy last fall. Headmistress Kirova had almost removed me, and Dimitri had gone to bat for me then as well. â€Å"This is all circumstantial,† he said. â€Å"Regardless of how dubious you think it looks, there's no confirmation. Expelling her from the experience †and basically destroying her graduation †is somewhat extraordinary with no certainties.† The advisory group looked insightful, and I concentrated on Alberta. She had the most force here. I'd generally loved her, and presently together, she'd been severe yet in every case circumspectly reasonable. I trusted that would even now remain constant. She enticed Celeste and Emil toward her, and the other two watchmen inclined nearer. They had a murmured meeting. Alberta gave a surrendered gesture, and the others reclined. â€Å"Miss Hathaway, do you have anything you'd prefer to state before we let you know our conclusions?† That I'd prefer to state? For hell's sake, better believe it. There were huge amounts of things. I needed to state that I wasn't awkward. I needed to reveal to them that I was probably the best beginner here. I needed to disclose to them that I had seen Stan coming and had been very nearly responding. I particularly needed to disclose to them that I would not like to have this imprint on my record. Regardless of whether I remained in the field understanding, I'd basically have a F for this first test. It would influence my general evaluation, which could in this manner influence my future. In any case, once more, what decision did I have? Disclose to them that I'd seen a phantom? The apparition of a person who'd really liked me and who had very likely passed on due to that pulverize? I despite everything didn't have the foggiest idea what was happening with these sightings. Once I could discount to exhaustion†¦but I'd seen him †or it †twice now. Is it true that he was genuine? My higher thinking said no, yet truly, it didn't make a difference right now. On the off chance that he was genuine and I let them know, they'd think I was insane. In the event that he wasn't genuine and I let them know, they'd think I was insane †and they'd be correct. I was unable to win here. â€Å"No, Guardian Petrov,† I stated, trusting I sounded submissive. â€Å"Nothing more to add.† â€Å"All right,† she said tediously. â€Å"Here's what we've chosen. You're fortunate you have Guardian Belikov to advocate for you, or this choice may have been extraordinary. We're assuming the best about you. You'll go on with the field understanding and keep on guarding Mr. Ozera. You'll simply be on a probation of sorts.† â€Å"That's okay,† I said. I'd been waiting on the post trial process for the greater part of my scholarly life. â€Å"Thank you.† â€Å"And,† she included. Oh dear. â€Å"Because the doubt isn't completely evacuated, you'll be going through your day away from work this week doing network service.† I leaped out of my seat once more. â€Å"What?† Dimitri's hand folded over my wrist, his fingers warm and controlling. â€Å"Sit down,† he mumbled in my ear, pulling me toward the seat. â€Å"Take what you can get.† â€Å"If that is an issue, we can make it one week from now too,† cautioned Celeste. â€Å"And the following five after that.† I plunked down and shook my head. â€Å"I'm sorry. Thank you.† The conference scattered, and I was left inclination exhausted and beaten. Had just a single day passed by? Without a doubt the cheerful fervor I'd felt before the field experience had been weeks prior and not at the beginning of today. Alberta instructed me to go get Christian, yet Dimitri inquired as to whether he could have some time alone with me. She concurred, most likely trusting he'd set me on the straight and n

Sustainable Intermodal Transport Dry Ports â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Sustainable Intermodal Transport Dry Ports? Answer: Presentation A multi-purpose transport is characterized as the development of merchandise in a similar stacking unit utilizing at least two than two methods of transport. The advantage of such vehicle framework is that it shapes an incorporated chain of transport by using the qualities of various methods of transport. A typical vehicle mode is more vitality serious than a multi-purpose cargo transport, and henceforth should be elevated to support over the long haul. Coordinations the board is a significant part of flexibly chain the board, while thinking about the administration in worldwide sense. Transportation has a significant impact in accomplishing security in gracefully chain the board. Transportation and globalization together brings an incorporation of methods of transport with it (Sahin Yilmaz, 2014). Prior the emphasis for concentrate on multi-purpose transport was more on the multi-purpose transport by rail, and now the center has moved to ship by water and streets. The motivation behind this report is to consider the components and issues being developed of multi-purpose transport, study the accepted procedures to follow and comprehend the variables that help continue over the long haul. Organization Profile Qube Holdings Limited, was established in the year 2010, it works as a coordinations and foundation organization in Australia, which additionally gives freight flexibly anchors administrations to import and fare customers. Qube has cargo dealing with offices through its different auxiliaries at 29 ports in Australia. Its coordinations auxiliary is Qube coordinations, which has its procedure on street and rails, has warehousing offices, multi-purpose coordinations center points (Qube Holdings Limited, 2017). It holds four undertakings under its key resources, which are, Moorebank coordinations, Quattro JV, joint endeavor with TQ and Minto properties. As on end of June 2017, the organization has seen income development of 7.61% from past 5 years, be that as it may, the capital spending has been - 8.98%, with increment of around 23.11% in Gross edge (Mudie, 2015). The organization Qube coordinations in NSW works in the Port Botany cargo terminal, Port Botany Empty Park, Yen Nora Intermodal terminal and Macarthur multi-purpose terminal (Trevaskis Ogilvie, 2017). Significant highlights of an Intermodal A multi-purpose could be named as a perfect type of transportation for imports and fares. It fills in as a streamlined type of transportation and is consistently fruitful in any coordinations plan. Its advantages lies in the methodical procedure of associating and planning administrators and gatherings who are engaged with the exchange procedure. The fundamental point of the associations utilizing multi-purpose transport, is to bring down the transportation cost (IBISWorld, 2017). Scarcely any advantages of using this method of transport are: Ease, including low fuel cost Shippers are consistently looking for strategies to decrease the expense and increment the administration esteem, the multi-purpose transport encourages them accomplish this objective. Multi-purpose transport gives the shippers a favorable position of low rates, better unsurprising estimating, decreased taking care of expenses while stacking and emptying of merchandise. It gives a superior offer than a parkway. The all out reserve funds from the fuel costs likewise radically diminish with the utilization of multi-purpose transport. This gives more noteworthy complete reserve funds considering high fuel overcharge that by and large applies to cargo rates. Diminished Carbon outflows The utilization of multi-purpose transport by rail gives huge natural advantages when contrasted with single modular vehicle by street. The carbon emanation diminishes by about a large portion of the sum. Carbon discharge from train is roughly 5.4 pounds per 100 ton-miles when contrasted with 19.8 pounds from trucks. This thus additionally enables the association to accomplish their maintainability objectives by dealing with the earth. Better wellbeing and security Mishaps at that point to happen more on streets. The quantity of mishaps per ton-mile on railways is recorded to be 1/fourth of street mishaps by trucks. The exploration likewise shows that conveyance of risky material for the most part arrives at its goal securely and that too with no arrival of dangerous material. Thus the rail transport can be named as an increasingly secure vehicle for unsafe material. Decrease in travel time A moderately less time is required to move merchandise utilizing a multi-purpose transport as the progression of stacking and emptying totally gets insignificant in a multi-purpose transport, decreasing a tremendous measure of travel time and conveying the products in a superior condition without bringing about any harms. Truck Driver lack There exists an immense hole in the accessibility of truck drivers when contrasted with their interest from the associations. Multi-purpose transport totally decreases this test as the quantity of individuals required to move products through trucks is substantially more than utilizing a multi-purpose transport for a similar amount of merchandise (Mathisen Hanssen, 2014). Better unwavering quality and limit An ever increasing number of associations are moving their cargo to multi-purpose considering the components like unwavering quality and limit. Less limit exists when the mode is rail or streets. Shippers then again show signs of improvement supplies and normalized travel plan. The reserve funds associations utilize multi-purpose is commonly utilized by them to smooth out their converse coordinations, bringing about extra investment funds with the associations. Highlights of Qube Logistics The organization Qube coordinations is the biggest import and fare coordinations association in the area of New South Wales. It develops with a technique of coordinating neighborhood coordinations organizations and little size organizations to make one major proficient organization. This is the way Qube coordinations continues expanding its system through acquisitions. The organization Qube coordinations work over the Australia into cargo stops, warehousing, void holder parks, and so forth. It likewise has its greatest rail terminal system in the area of New South Wales (Fullerton, 2014). Primary issues with current coordinations arrange in New South Wales (NSW) Calculated industry is exceptionally capricious and serious and along these lines it gets influenced by quantities of inside and outer components testing its frameworks appropriate working. Issues like national level approaches, administrative issues, district insightful arranging and arrangements for advancement, techniques identified with state transport and foundation speculation, and so forth. Urban Congestion Whole South Australia is profoundly affected with network issues. The blockage brings about deferrals, increment in fuel cost and vehicle working cost, increment in contamination levels, and so forth. The movement time has expanded radically and is relied upon to compound with increment of vehicles. Access to multi modular vehicle There has been changing of modular spilt of compartments which moves back and forth the port, because of the migration of port exercises between Port Jackson and Port Botany. For the cargo move, use of recently fabricated streets was denied by the neighborhood gathering. Their accentuation on the utilization of railroads for the transportation. Then again, explicit courses were apportioned by railroads for the 70% exchange of holders (Smith, 2015). Struggle of Inland Depot About 65 hectares of unused zone are associated through a track of railroads to Port Botany. It will end up being a multi-purpose office in the year to come. This factor caused a distinction of conclusions among neighborhood and state government and it turned into a state of contention. Restricted space in terminal and compartment stockpiling In a calculated system, the imtermodal limit is the terminals. Decrease of cost and keeping up delivery records track are finished by compartment dealing with. With the expansion sought after regularly, rise of restricted space issue will happen. Reusing of the advantage and its privatization Australias second biggest port for compartment is Port Blair, whose port rent is with NSW Ports Consortium. The Australian Government has accepted privatization as a help reusing activity. There was an arrangement to manufacture a passage between 2 spots for taking out the clog on present system, yet with the adjustment in neighborhood government post races, cost charges were presented and the arrangement is yet to perceive any future. Downturn in ware advertise In the market of transportation, Qube is another player, so to battle against the contenders, it needs to offer best quality types of assistance. In any case, because of the downturn in the current market for products, its tasks can be influenced negatively. Ominous climate conditions Ominous climate conditions influence the exercises of coordinations severely by making the procedure of transportation moderate. The punctured tire issue and extension of rail tracks are regular in high temperature zone. Transportation paths, harbor offices and framework at the coast can get influenced the expansion or reduction of ocean level (Moniosa Bergqvist, 2015) Create Logistics Management Strategies Coordinations the board includes a ton of steps and a great deal of coordination. Its primary target intends to arrange every single vital advance deliberately to accomplish better help levels at the most minimal conceivable expense. Coordinations the board includes ventures from getting the products from start point till dropping the merchandise toward the end point (Tseng Yue, 2005). With the changing elements and techniques for flexibly chain the executives, coordinations the board systems should be intended for various sort of items, various methodologies for various clients and for various areas. Care ought to be taken that the drafted structure plan should be adaptable enough to get a minute ago changes premise the prerequisites (Pontius, 2017). Components taken consideration for planning the procedures: Basic - A basic examination of the association is required to plan a coordinations procedure. This spreads investigating the quantity of stockrooms, accessible territory, dispersion and channel. Useful - Consider every capacity greatness territory to de

Description of Nick Vujicic video Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Depiction of Nick Vujicic video - Essay Example † he even propose that he should take the wheelchair to be â€Å"pimped.† This should make the wheelchair look extravagant and garish, as it is included a few adornments, for example, turning metallic wheels on the wheels. He chats with a great deal of silliness about the wheelchair indicating the affection he has for this office; moreover the wheelchair makes him move around. Scratch recommend that the power through pressure framework that will be introduced in the wheelchair after it is â€Å"pimped† will make him knock while going across the street. He adores his wheelchair without question, and he even say he would discover it ‘cool’ on the off chance that he could play his drums while on the wheelchair. Scratch Vujicic discloses to the understudies that he doesn’t have appendages, and nothing transpired as he was conceived in that state. There is no clinical motivation to try and clarify his circumstance, however he has no arms nor legs there is something that he loves about this circumstance. He says however he has no legs he has his â€Å"little chicken drumstick.† He call that part ‘chicken drumstick’ in light of the fact that takes after one and furthermore his pooch believes is one. He clarifies how his canine thinks it’s a chicken drumstick, and this brief the pooch to come have a chomp, however luckily he figures out how to pursue it away each time. Be that as it may, this doesn't make him severe, rather this wonders improves him. Each individual who meets him wonder what befell him, and here and there he facetiously says its cigarette. He has even been portrayed as an outsider yet a few children, while different children go nuts when they se e him. This â€Å"chicken drumstick† he has empowered him to complete a few things, for example, composing, composing, and even learn gesture based communication as he exhibits the gesture of goodwill. This is exceptionally rousing, in spite of the way that he doesn’t have appendages and arms he can do a few exercises, for example, swimming that a great many people favored with arms and appendages can’t swim. He even gave an exhibit playing a few drums splendidly. The understudies are even stunned that he can kick a tennis ball that

Free Essays - Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

There were a few subjects related with the novel Great Expectations.  One of the most intriguing topics managed fixation and how it thinks about to and identifies with adoration (Infatuation).  Infatuation is essentially a fixation, or excessive friendship towards an individual (Webster, 667).  There is actually no unequivocal purpose for their enthusiasm, along these lines this inclination is frequently short in term and characteristic of broken judgment (Webster, 667).  The individual doesn't have the foggiest idea what these sentiments mean, this is ordinarily why they botch it for love.  Love, then again, is an extraordinary tender worry for someone else (Webster, 772).  It is a progressively sacrificial and settled feeling.  You can look at the contrast among affection and captivation by the buzzword Every one of that sparkles isn't gold, the sparkle fantasy being fascination and the gold being love, the genuine thin g.  As an individual develops and encounters their emotions with numerous others, the qualification among adoration and fixation turns out to be more clear.  This is on the grounds that the individual can analyze emotions they have encountered previously, with their current sentiments.  In Great Expectations we perceive how Pip's fascination for Estella is short in length (Webster, 667), as most fixations are.  Despite the way that Estella is haughty and discourteous, Pip isn't just charmed by her excellence and riches, yet in addition nearly begrudges it.  In actuality the mortification Estella gets Pip through, makes Pip feel humble of himself and the manner in which he has been brought up.  This makes Pip's desires change from hoping to be Joe's metal forger student, to concentrating to turn into a refined men saw and appreciated by Estella.  As years pass, Estella 2 keeps on playing with Pip's heart, and Pip proceeds to genuinely have affections for her.  Later, Estella weds a man named Bently Drummle, just making Pip, once more, admit his adoration to Estella.  Estella tells Pip I recognize what you mean as type of words, yet nothing more.  (Dickens, 892)  This essentially implies Estella can hear what Pip is advising her, however she doesn't perceive how he could cherish her.  Regardless of that, and the way that Estella is to be hitched, Pip despite everything keeps on fantasizing about Estella.  Soon, Pip begins to get familiar with her, and her past, through Miss Havisham.  These discussions with Pip assists make With missing Havisham into a kinder and more joyful person.  Feeling that he can't have Estella, and that his general surroundings has changed, Pip chooses to propose to Biddy.

College is the Best Place to Find your Beloved

College is the Best Place to Find your Beloved Looking for True Love? College is the Best Place to Find your Beloved Home›Education Posts›Looking for True Love? College is the Best Place to Find your Beloved Education PostsAre you searching for loving and true relations? Do you want to find a person who will be with you till the end of your life? Are you alone? If yes, don’t be sad since you are a creator of your life and you and only you can make your life brighter and exciting. Finding a loving person may be challenging, but when you are in college it becomes easier to meet the one and only.College is a new step in your adult life, it brings new experience, expectations, knowledge, friends, etc. If you are single, it is the best place to find your beloved. When you are in college, you are surrounded by many new people and it is 100% that among such big a amount of them, there is someone you are waiting all your life. Love is the biggest happiness in our life. Be with someone who loves you, understands you, takes care of you is really a good fortune.You may wonder why college is a good place for finding your love since we should study at college and not think about our personal issues. It is true, you should study; however, do not forget about your feelings. There are many examples of people who met their beloved in college but destroyed their relations by concentrating on their academic performance and future career. Do you think they are happy now? They are the most unhappy persons in the world since they claim that their college love was the only one they can’t forget.While you are young and strong, it is your chance to succeed in life and you should remember that the biggest success comes with your sweetheart, not with a good career. Your “business” will not bring you a glass of water when you are old, but the person who was with you from college times and who went through all joys and sorrows with you will definitely do this!Do not let your life take its course, you should struggle for yo ur happiness! That is why, if you found a person you love, do not let him or her go! Moreover, being with your beloved doesn’t mean receiving bad grades. You can cope with all things at one stroke, just consult qualitycustomessays.com  and find useful recommendations on how to study good and have happy life!

Society, Poverty, and History in The Good Earth and The Grapes of Wrath - Literature Essay Samples

While The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck and The Good Earth by Pearl Buck vary greatly in basic subject matter, their thematic content and general intent are strikingly similar. Both award-winning literary works in their own right, together they provide a unique insight into the United States in the 1930s, when the glitz and glamour of the Roaring Twenties had worn off into the decade(s) of economic downturn and national suffering termed the Great Depression. The Grapes of Wrath, published in 1939, when the horrible reality of the situation began to hit many Americans, does so in a direct way, giving the reader a firsthand look into the lives of the Joads, a family of Dust Bowl migrants from Oklahoma. Chapters detailing the family’s not inconsiderable trials and difficulties alternate with more symbolic ones, â€Å"offer[ing] thematic†¦counterpoints to the Joads’ story† (Henry). The Good Earth, on the other hand, follows the life of Wang Lung, a poor farm er in early 1900s China, as he builds a family and becomes a wealthy landowner. It too was written during the Depression, by an American author and humanitarian who sought to provide the comfort â€Å"of a rags-to-riches tale† in unstable and uncertain times (Thompson). Its focus on the importance of land and family, as well as immense struggles to be overcome, makes its relevance to the Depression clear, and suggests some sort of allegorical purpose for the tale. Neither Steinbeck nor Buck wrote their books simply to entertain—they used the personal relationships between their characters and the actions taken because of these relationships to illustrate larger concepts of social responsibility and awareness. In the Depression, a time of â€Å"poverty and uncertainty,† they provided a social commentary and insight into the physical and emotional realities experienced by many, in particular by the farmers and tenant workers who lost their homes and jobs when the Midwest was struck by the Dust Bowl (Thompson). Using individual families as the focal points of their stories, Steinbeck and Buck provide complementary explorations of the predominant attitudes of the time, attitudes capable of shaping lives almost as much as circumstance. The Grapes of Wrath addresses the Depression idea of personal responsibility as an important aspect of community membership, as well as a sign of evolution in â€Å"the basic unit of social structure in the United States† (Henry). Surrounded by contractors and police officers eager to prey on the vulnerable migrant workers, the Joads recognize the power provided by a community of like-minded individuals, as well as the strength that can be drawn from such a community. While The Grapes of Wrath does feature an emphasis on the community’s value to the individual, it shows the community as an entity composed of people who contribute to it in return. This idea of paying it forward is deemed morally correct by Steinbeck and exemplified by Muley Graves, when faced with sharing his meager jackrabbit dinner with Casy and Tom Joad: â€Å"I ain’t got no choice in the matter†¦That ain’t like I meant it†¦what I mean, if a fella’s got somepin to eat an’ another fella’s hungry—why, the first fella ain’t got no choice. I mean, s’pose I pick up my rabbits an’ go off somewheres an’ eat ‘em. See?† (Steinbeck 49). Muley understands and demonstrates this duty to his fellow man. He helps Casy and Tom survive, just as thousands of Americans, migrant workers and otherwise, relied upon acts of goodwill to carry on. Tom later expounds on the reasoning behind this, quoting Casy as he describes how the former preacher â€Å"foun’ he didn’ have no soul that was hisn’†, but instead discovered â€Å"he jus’ got a little piece of a great big soul†, a piece that â€Å"wasn’t no good ‘less it was with the rest† (418). This theory is certainly not a traditional one, but the concept of a person as a fragment of a larger whole was certainly appealing in such times, when self-interest was the prevalent, easy choice to make. In The Good Earth, similar ideas of responsibility and duty to others are present, but with an emphasis on liability. Whenever problems arise for Wang Lung, Buck traces them directly back to acts of â€Å"moral flabbiness† on his part, just as â€Å"the poverty and suffering of the 1930s† might be attributed to be â€Å"a result of the extravagance of the 1920s† (Stuckey). While the Great Depression was certainly not caused by any moral shortcoming on the part of the American people, that did not change said people’s belief that it was their fault, and should be borne as such. Wang Lung’s experiences echo that idea. As Wang Lung grows wealthier and wealthier, he grows bored, and eventually brings a concubine named Lotus Flower into his home, â€Å"painted and cool as a lily† in comparison to his wife O-lan, who is â€Å"earth-stained and dark with weariness† (Buck 196, 198). The sharp contrast in the description of the two women makes it clear which is more visually appealing, but Buck rejects the notion of placing value on physical appearance, instead placing more value on O-lan for her acceptance of hard work and toil, â€Å"the rocky path along which Americans had traditionally traveled† and which had served them well throughout the years (Stuckey). Wang Lung’s rejection of O-Lan, and by extension these principles deemed essential by Buck, causes him suffering. In this case, that suffering is caused by the death of O-Lan, who, despite his previous unconcern, he realizes he cares for, if only because she â€Å"[bore] him sons† (258). The â€Å"hard and dry† grief he feels upon her loss is tinged with guilt and regret, suggesting perhaps a sense of culpability present in the minds of Americans throughout the Depression, as if their economic struggles were no one’s fault but their own. In reality, though, the characters in The Good Earth and The Grapes of Wrath are not powerful enough to really be responsible for their misfortune. This blame is instead placed on those in power. In the case of The Good Earth, this concept remains somewhat abstract, as several individuals serve as allegories for various aspects of the Depression experience. Buck focuses on the big picture, making suggestions about culpability for the Depression on a large scale. Throughout his life, Wang Lung holds the rich and powerful in great awe. When he goes to â€Å"the great gates† to collect O-lan on their wedding day, his meeting with Old Mistress brings him â€Å"to his knees†¦knock[ing] his head on the tiled floor† (15). Given this dramatic response, it is no wonder that Wang Lung jumps at the chance to buy land from the House of Hwang when given the opportunity. He feels â€Å"more than equal to these people in the foolish, great, wasteful house,† and dedicates his life to this sentiment (52). This idolization and imitation of the rich occurred in the United States as well, during the 1920s, as the wealthy invested heavily, and the less affluent followed their example to a fault. When the stock market crashed in 1929, everyone was affected, but the poor most of all. Because of this, Buck seems to imply a sort of responsibility on the part of the rich to set a positive example, and drives this point home at the very end o f the book, when Wang Lung essentially becomes another iteration of the Old Lord. She does not condemn her narrator’s success, but points out the detrimental impacts of him distancing himself from the sources of his good fortune and of the precedent the Old Lord set. Steinbeck draws such a connection as well, emphasizing the shift in farming that occurred when â€Å"it came about that owners no longer worked on their farms, â€Å" but instead â€Å"became†¦storekeeper[s],† many of whom â€Å"had never seen the farms they owned† (Steinbeck 232-233). He blames this change for the plight of so many tenant farmers, and understandably so, yet he fails to acknowledge the large-scale economic developments that made the industrialization of farming necessary. In general, Steinbeck’s scope within The Grapes of Wrath is limited. Despite the fact that not every chapter is about the Joads, the book keeps its focus on migrant workers, a relatively small subgroup within the thousands impacted by the Depression. His approach towards addressing the authority figures of the time is very direct, without any attempt at symbolism. Instead, Steinbeck openly identifies those he considers to blame for both the Joads’ problems as well as the problems of migrant workers collectively by setting the Joads up to face them. From their eviction by the bank early on to police mistreatment throughout, the family carries on; but Ma’s abrupt welcome into California stands out as an example of the prejudice Steinbeck wanted to call attention to. Her conversation with a bigoted police officer, in which he informs her that â€Å"we don’t want you goddamn Okies settlin’ down [here]†, serves to emphasize the astounding hypocrisy of discriminating against migrants in a country made up of immigrants (214). It is no wonder, then that Tom is enamored of the government-run Weedpatch camp, where â€Å"folks†¦elect their own cops† and have a say in how things are run (286). This simple desire for a sense of democracy, by people who â€Å"ain’t been treated decent for a long time,† underscores the vast inadequacy of the available aid, and questions how individuals and groups are valued differently because of their cirumstances (288). The backdrop of the Great Depression makes this inequity pronounced, as indigence became the reality for many. The name â€Å"The Great Depression† is for many synonymous with poverty and suffering. It calls to mind images of destitution like Dorothea Lange’s ubiquitous Migrant Mother. Neither The Good Earth nor The Grapes of Wrath attempts to counter this notion; indeed, The Grapes of Wrath furthers it as Steinbeck delves into the appalling conditions and treatment that the Joads endure. While the first camp the Joads stay in comes as a shock to them, with its half-dollar fee and â€Å"sullen† proprietor, it is not until they stay in a Hooverville that the Joads must truly face destitution, both physically and psychologically (187). In the Hooverville, there is â€Å"no order,† and an air of â€Å"slovenly despair† (241). The gloomy atmosphere is further heightened as the contents of the scattered campsite are listed, from â€Å"the grimy tents [and] the junk equipment† to â€Å"the lumpy mattresses out in the sun†¦[and] the blackened cans on fire-blackened holes† (244). This dismal description of the camp serves as a concrete manifestation of the internal disarray the Joads face as they become cognizant of the reality of migrant life in California. Instead of being the imagined â€Å"lan’ of milk an’ honey,† the state is full of â€Å"cops out tryin’ to scare [the migrants] back† (251). The Joads’ disappointment is palpable as they experience this loss of their greatest hope. Steinbeck seems to place value in their never-ending endeavor, though, imbuing their suffering with a sense of nobility. However, during the Depression, it is unlikely that those in the Joads’ position would be concerned with a higher purpose for their pains. Steinbeck’s discussion of community support in times of hardship is much more realistic, as well as much more hopeful. The Wilsons, a couple whom the Joads encounter early on in their journey, demonstrate the kind of unselfish, neighborly behavior that Steinbeck esteems so highly. When Grampa is dying, they offer up their tent so that he can be more comfortable, insisting â€Å"there’s no beholden in a time of dying† (139). In return, the Joads promise to â€Å"see [the Wilsons] get through,† because they â€Å"can’t let help go unwanted† (149). The two families have a sense of obligation to each other of the best possible sort. They are tied together by their mutual kindness, a kindness that provides them with the elusive sense of security that they long for throughout the book. In The Good Earth, Wang Lung and his family also experience extreme poverty as â€Å"the rains†¦withheld themselves† and the crop fails (Buck 67). Unlike Steinbeck’s characters, who seek refuge in the community, Wang Lung isolates himself and his family in order to avoid â€Å"hostility in the village† and his less-than-honest uncle (73). His desire to make his own way remains strong even when they travel south to the city, as he rejects the notion of begging. Despite the fact that â€Å"he had three pence left,† Wang Lung remains constant in his â€Å"dislike [of the] notion of begging of strange people† (94-95). While O-lan and the children do end up begging, Wang Lung eschews this humbling activity in favor of pulling a rickshaw, â€Å"work for a man’s hands† (95). Although this could be interpreted as the imposition of traditional gender roles, it seems more likely that it is instead a valuation of Wang Lung’s decision to pursue honest manual labor. Buck elevates Wang Lung for making this choice, and suggests â€Å"that individualism leads to†¦safety and security† (Stuckey). The stereotypically American devotion to hard work exemplified here is certainly one present during the Depression, but perhaps one that didn’t need to be emphasized. Thousands of men (and women) sought work that simply didn’t exist. The root of the problem lay not in personal ethics but large-scale economic issues. Buck’s principles place responsibility to self and family above all else, a rational idea held by many struggling Americans during the time, but one wit h limited practical import. During troubling times, many turn to religion as a source of comfort and support. Given the uncertainty of the 1930s, it is surprising that Buck, the daughter of missionaries and a missionary herself, would not attempt to use The Good Earth as a vehicle with which to promote Christianity. Instead, she uses the â€Å"vivid world of Chinese custom,† with its various belief systems and corresponding practices, to create universal characters and â€Å"demonstrate similarity in order to promote understanding† (Thompson). Wang Lung’s religious practices, conducted more out of superstition than out of deeply-rooted belief, start a conversation about the value of tradition. Buck does not overly concern herself with the details of his religious expression, but instead uses them â€Å"to show there [is] no human gap [of understanding], only a factitious cultural one† (Thompson). To achieve this end, she avoids any specific spiritual focus, and includes only one reference to the Confucian edicts regarding filial piety, when Wang Lung violates them by â€Å"correct[ing] an elder† (63). Buck also allows Wang Lung to show reverence to the â€Å"two small, solemn figures† of â€Å"the god†¦and his lady†, dressed in â€Å"robes of red and gilt paper† (20). These two instances of religious practice actually highlight the universality Buck was attempting to achieve, though, as the central theme of respect becomes apparent. While Steinbeck too places great importance on respect, he does not attempt to achieve understanding on an international level, but rather a personal one. He does this by addressing the concept of faith as decided by the individual, rather than by society. Given this, The Grapes of Wrath’s heavy Christian influences seem ironic at first. However, despite copious Biblical allusions, Steinbeck best uses them to address the concept of doubt, exemplified in the character of Jim Casy. Casy is Steinbeck’s ultimate paradox: a preacher who is a skeptic. Casy no longer â€Å"know[s] what to pray for or who to pray to,† and spends the novel puzzling through his questions of belief, dispensing remarkable wisdom and insight throughout, often unintentionally (Steinbeck 137). In addition, Henry suggests that Casy’s character is intended to â€Å"evoke Jesus Christ’s teachings and his sacrifice.† Like Christ, Casy gives his life for the many, and while he has no physical resurrection, his death does prompt the awakening of Tom Joad’s social consciousness. Tom plans to do â€Å"what Casy done,† a statement that implies his continued presence amongst the migrant workers, at least on a spiritual level (419). The role that Casy, and later Tom, seem to fill is that of a savior. Steinbeck draws attention to this both to acknowledge a need for change and to provide reassurance to those victimized by the conflicts described in his book. He and Buck recognize that faith is hard to maintain in times of hardship, and stress the importance of tolerance and respect at a time when the weak were alienated to bolster the self-confidence of those in power. The migrant workers’ desire for a deliverer is unsurprising, considering the inhumane treatment they face at the hands of those employed to serve the public. Despite their desire for liberation, the characters in The Grapes of Wrath willingly bind themselves to the land. They feel connected to â€Å"the dust-blanketed† earth— after all, they â€Å"measured it and broke it up. [They] were born on it, and†¦got killed on it† (4, 33). The land is an inextricable part of the farmers Steinbeck depicts, and the Joads are no different. While most of the family understands that they legally must leave, Grampa vehemently states: â€Å"This here’s my country. I b’long here. An’ I don’t give a goddamn if they’s oranges an’ grapes crowdin’ a fella outa bed even. I ain’t a-goin’. This country ain’t no good, but it’s my country. No, you all go ahead. I’ll jus’ stay right here where I b’long† (111). The Joads don’t let him stay behind, of course, but not soon after they leave he becomes â€Å"sicker’n hell † and succumbs to a stroke (135). Although such an occurrence was not unlikely considering his age and generally poor health, Casy believes that â€Å"Grampa didn’ die [that night]†, but actually â€Å"the moment [he was taken] off the place† (146). In a way, dying was his way of â€Å"stayin’ with the lan’† he loved so much (146). In an extreme way, Grampa symbolizes the Joads’ unpreparedness. They are unequipped to handle the changes occurring in society and in agriculture, as the economy began to industrialize and shift away from manual labor. Wang Lung too clings to the land, although he does not face the same economic barriers as the Joads. However, when he and his family leave during the famine, he remains preternaturally occupied with â€Å"get[ting] back to the land† (Buck 112). â€Å"The thought of [the land] lying there†¦fill[s] him with desire,† so much desire that he considers selling his oldest daughter for the money necessary to return to it (116). While Wang Lung is eventually able to go back to his farm, the lengths to which he was willing to go to do so are startling, and foreshadow the ultimate futility of his single-minded dedication to his land. By the end of The Good Earth, one is well enough acquainted with the character of Wang Lung’s sons to know that they will disregard his wishes and sell the land their father has dedicated his life too, despite promising him on his deathbed that â€Å"the land is not to be sold† (Buck 357). The purpose of acknowledging this is not to condemn their intent, but to remark upon the seeming undoing of Wang Lung’s life’s work. To Wang Lung, â€Å"land [was his] flesh and blood,† making the loss of it (had he been alive) a mortal wound from which he would never recover (Buck 52). He measured his success by the possession and development of land, and his sons took that standard away altogether, rendering his daily struggle worthless. One might argue that this is simply an example of the stereotypical filial betrayal—a dramatic change of heart after a parent’s death—but even during Wang Lung’s life, his children made no pretense of love for the land their father placed such importance in. Instead, this serves to emphasize the concept of futility pervasive in the Depression. Work for the sake of work, â€Å"dogged thrift and industry† with the corresponding deserved reward, was no longer a realistic expectation (Thompson). The Depression became the era of zero payoff, in which getting by equated success. Dave Smith’s poem â€Å"Ear Ache† also speaks to this attitude: The Great Depression sat on my grandfather like Dantes Ugolino eating the malignancy that betrayed him to insatiable hunger. Left a lifelong fulminator at destiny, he knew nothing he made or said would last. Like Wang Lung, Smith’s grandfather is destined to have his life rendered essentially pointless, a seemingly harsh assessment made all the worse by his own knowledge of this occurrence. Wang Lung is fortunate enough to be unaware of his sons’ plans, as are the Joads, who remain ignorant of how hopeless their plight truly is. Despite their unceasing determination and desire to survive and succeed, â€Å"their indomitable will† proves insufficient (Henry). Chapter Three’s description of an indefatigable turtle traversing â€Å"a concrete wall† and a â€Å"cement plain† merely to continue plodding through the dust provides an easily understood analogy for the travels of the Joads (Steinbeck 15). Just like the turtle, they scale one hurdle only to face another, without any true perception of the extent of their journey. If they were able to comprehend what their journey to California and life there would entail, they would perhaps have been like Muley Graves, unwilling to leave because of some preternatural understanding that the situation in California was such that it wouldn’t leave them at all better off than they were before. Steinbeck deprives the Joads of this insight for storytelling purposes—he needs them to travel to California, where â€Å"the spring is beautiful† and â€Å"the fruit grows heavy† so he can rip that image away for both the Joads and his readers (Steinbeck 346). He exposes the dehumanization brought on by conditions in government work camps and uncaring guards and police officers, but in the process removes â€Å"some of [the Joads’] human appeal† as he employs them for â€Å"little more than an allegorical or symbolic function† (Henry). Symbolic function or not, the Joads are easy to envision as a family with real relationships and real problems. Steinbeck certainly relies upon the impact that their story, however fictional it might be, can provide. While Steinbeck intended The Grapes of Wrath as a report on poor treatment of migrant workers in California, the personal twist gives it a national relevance and impact. However, in attempting to balance the large and small scale, something is lost from each. Steinbeck’s exploration of conditions in California is held back by the necessities of characterization, and likewise character development and plot are hampered by the big-picture concerns the author tries to address simultaneously. Buck’s attempts at social commentary remain completely allegorical, but her idealized message about the power of work is clear and straightforward. Her stolid, undeniably static characters help with the dissemination of this message, but they lack the multi-faceted humanity necessary to seem real. Both Buck and Steinbeck also denied their readers the satisfaction of a truly happy ending, or really any significant hope for the future. While Rose of Sharon’s nursing of the starving man is poignantly beautiful and ungrudgingly giving, it only serves as a momentary distraction from the wretched reality of their predicament. In the long term, it will have little impact, and the Joads and their acquaintances will continue their perpetually wandering, subsistence-based lifestyle. Buck ends The Good Earth on a similar note, with Wang Lung’s death and the sale of the land bringing into question the value of work. While Steinbeck and Buck certainly draw attention to many aspects of Depression-era society that had previously gone unnoticed, they do so without providing any likely solutions. This limits the power of their arguments tremendously, and suggests deficiencies in the authors’ plot, character, and argumentative development. When analyzed in conjunction, though, The Grapes of Wrath and The Good Earth overcome the potentially reductionist styles in which they were written to attain historical relevance and importance. Together, the two works provide constructive, complementary insights into American attitudes during the Great Depression. Bibliography Brinkley, Alan. The Great Depression. American History: A Survey. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2009. Print. Buck, Pearl S. The Good Earth. New York: Washington Square, 2004. Print. Henry, Richard. Overview of The Grapes of Wrath. EXPLORING Novels. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Gale Power Search. Web. 9 June 2014. Lange, Dorothea. Migrant Mother. 1936. Museum of Modern Art, New York, Nipomo, California. Museum of Modern Art. Web. 24 July 2014. Smith, Dave. Ear Ache. The Roundhouse Voices: Selected and New Poems. Cambrid Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Penguin, 1999. Print. Stuckey, W. J. New Themes: Sex and Libertinism. DISCovering Authors. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Gale Power Search. Web. 9 June 2014. Thompson, Dody Weston. Pearl Buck. DISCovering Authors. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Gale Power Search. Web. 9 June 2014.